Reflection

I felt that I have learnt a lot after taking Issues and Publication Design (IPD) class for 14 weeks. I have learnt what does layout design means with applied theories. Besides that, I have also learnt that before writing, we have to determine the genre of what we are going to focus. I have learnt that we are not aware of the arrangement of texts and visuals, the layout used, and the multimodality as mentioned by Kress and Van Leeuwen (1998) (New Learning, 2011). By applying appropriate sources enables me to understand more about the topic. Besides that, I have also learnt that providing relevant facts and citations are important in order to make our blogs or writings reliable. Besides, I have also learnt how to blog properly by providing accurate facts, photos and hyperlinks. I have learnt that it is important to create a connection between writer and reader to enhance two-way communications. (Theuermann, n.d)

References:

New Learning, 2011, Kress and Van Leeuwen on Multimodality, retrieved on 14^th November 2011, http://newlearningonline.com/literacies/chapter-7-literacies-as-multimodal-designs-for-meaning-2/kress-and-van-leeuwen-on-multimodality/

Theuermann, n.d, The Impact of the Internet on Our Daily Life, viewed on 15 November 2011, http://www.tru.ca/cpj/essay.html

Racism

(Image Source: pjlighthouse.com)

It was during Ramadan when Media Prima advertised an advertisement about a Chinese girl, who went to Ramadan market. This girl was portrayed as eating in public, wearing inappropriately, talking loudly and were seen not respecting the Malay community. Soon the video was being taken away because there were criticisms by the non-Muslims. (The Malaysian Insider, 2011)

Malaysia is a multi-racial country. Malaysia is made up of 60.4% of Muslims, 19.2% of Buddhist, and 6.3% of Hindus. Muslims, Buddhists and Hindus are the three main races that live in Malaysia. Malaysia’s main language is Bahasa Melayu, also known as “Malaysian Language”. There are a lot of races in this country, therefore, there are a lot of festivals. The Muslims celebrate Hari Raya and before it all started, they will have to fast for a month. This is to show the Muslims that they have to appreciate food. (Kwinteessential, 2011)

According to Ogilvy and Mather (2004), people who worked in the advertising industry spend a lot of time dealing with ethical choices. In advertising, the truth is not always the whole truth. For example, when a person is on his first date, he will never disclose too much of information to his date. This is to protect himself. Besides that, companies use advertising to sell their products. Therefore, the advertisement will have to create a good impression and everlasting impression. However, different people have different perceptions. (Advertising Educational Foundation, 2004)

References:

The Malaysian Insider, 2011, Media Prima pulls out ‘racist’ Ramadan ads, retrieved on 13^th November 2011, http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/media-prima-pulls-out-racist-ramadan-ads/

Kwinessential, 2011, Malaysia-Language, Culture, Customs, and Etiquette, retrieved on 13^th November 2011,http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/malaysia.html

Advertising Educational Foundation, 2004, Ethics in Advertising, retrieved on 13^th November 2011, http://www.aef.com/on_campus/classroom/speaker_pres/data/3001

Publishing Principles and Plagiarism

Righthaven has been undergoing some tough times lately because it was accused of violation of copyrights. According to Wired, it has brought quite a number of profits to Righthaven. Even though journalists have to work under a tight timing, they should not plagiarize copyrighted materials. (Editors Weblog, 2011)

According to Cynthia R. King (2011), ethical integrity is important in wiring and publications. Before writing and publishing, one has to take into consideration of etiquette, fraudulent publication, plagiarism, duplication publication, authorship and conflict of interest. Besides that, good strategies have to be made to prevent violation. (La Follette, 1992, Malone, 1998) For example, for some journals, there are only limited amount of authors in order to protect the authors. (Sly, 1997) (Oncology Nursing Society, 2011)

(Image Source: justaperspective26.blogspot.com)

According to Wadsworth (2011), plagiarism means, “to kidnap”. If an individual is plagiarizing other people’s work, he or she is stealing an intellectual property. No one wants a hard work to be stolen. However, some writer steals other people’s work without realizing. Often they are do not realize because they did not know how to reference sources properly. Plagiarism and misuse sage of sources are different. There are too much of information available in the Internet, therefore, journalist are being tempted to “copy” some of the work from other people. There are a few steps to avoid plagiarism, namely:

1. Do not use other people’s words without referencing them.
2. Do not use other people’s idea without referencing them. For example, if an individual found a picture from the Internet, he or she will have to cite the source under the picture to avoid plagiarism.

(Wadsworth, 2011)

References:

Editors Weblog.org, 2011, Copyrighted Materials: Fair and Unfair Use, retrieved on 13^th November 2011, http://www.editorsweblog.org/newsrooms_and_journalism/2011/06/copyrighted_material_fair_and_unfair_use.php

La Follette, M. (1992). Stealing into print: Fraud, plagiarism, and misconduct in scientific publishing. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Oncology Nursing Society, 2011, Ethical Issues in Writing and Publishing, retrieved on 13^th November 2011, http://www.ons.org/Publications/CJON/AuthorInfo/WritingSupp/Ethics/

Sly, R.M. (1997). Ethical writing and responsible medical practice. Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 79, 489-494.

Wadsworth, 2011, What Is Plagiarism?, retrieved on 13^th November 2011, http://www.wadsworth.com/english_d/special_features/plagiarism/definition.html

Privacy and Ethics

It was very radical for British journalisms because there is coverage on hacking of phone. It gave a shock to the entire world when there were cases of hacking into phones of a child murder victim, family of London’s, terror attack and parents and soldier killed in action that happened a few years back. NOTW, which was owned by Rupert Murdoch were about to close after servicing for 168 years. (Media Shift, 2011)

(Image Source: workawesome.com)

According to Wise Geek (2011), invasion of privacy means there is interference on a person’s private life. It is often related to public figures because the media follows them most of the time in order to get stories. Nowadays, there are laws to invasion of privacy where it protects people in four ways namely, intrusion of solitude, public disclosure of private facts, false light and appropriation. For example, a celebrity can easily sue a journalist because she was being filmed without permission. Each person has their own right to keep their lives private. For example, if a journalist found a document in the garbage bin, the document will still be private even though it is found in a public space. (Wise Geek, 2011)

Every journalist needs to follow the journalism ethics so that what they write will always be ethical. According to National Union of Journalists Malaysia (2011), journalists will have to respect the truth and the publics have the right to know the truth. Besides that, the journalist will only report according to the facts that he got and will not suppress false information. The journalist will also be using fair methods to obtain the news, photographs and documents. The documents that a journalist obtains will remain confidential and he must not plagiarize other people’s work.

References:

Media Shift, 2011, UK Phone hacking scandal shows Clash of Privacy with need to know, retrieved on 12^th November 2011, http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2011/07/uk-phone-hacking-scandal-shows-clash-of-privacy-with-need-to-know188.html

Wise Geek, 2011, What is Invasion of Privacy?, retrieved on 12^th November 2011, http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-invasion-of-privacy.htm

National Union of Journalists Malaysia, 2011, Code of Ethnics, retrieved on 12^th November 2011, http://www.journalismethics.ca/

Ethics in Photojournalism

According to The Guardian (2011), this news is about a newspaper in Jewish, Di Tzeitung removing Clinton’s photograph from a picture of a meeting with Barack Obama regarding the killing of Bin Laden. Di Tzeitung altered the picture and took away the lady, Clinton because it believed that “women should be appreciated for who they are and what they do, and not what they look like”.

Photojournalism is where a news story is being presented through photographs accompanied by written essays. (Answers.com, 2011) According to Daniel R. Bersak (2003), news images often shape our culture in both thoughtfulness and reflective. Merriam-Webster (2003) defined ethics as “the good conductor for an individual or a group of people”. Webster also said that it should be of moral, principles and standards. This is because photo can reveal the truth of what is happening around us. It helps people to understand and it somehow connects people from all over. The code of ethics is about what should and should not a photographer do. One of the ethics is “photographic truth” where the image portrays the subject or it deceived the audiences. Besides that, photojournalist should be faithful and comprehensive depiction. For example, should a photojournalist alter the photo? Is it ethical for a photojournalist to do that? For example, the case of the Napalm Girl who is running naked on the street. Should the photojournalist put down his camera to aid the girl? (Daniel R. Bersak, 2003)

(Image Source: free7blog.wordpress.com)

According to Professor Paul Martin Lester, there are six ethical philosophies that can aid photojournalists namely:

1. The Categorical Imperative

It means what goes for an individual must go for everyone. One should be considerate.

2. Utilitarianism

There must be both balance- positive and negative to maximize the wholesome of other people.

3. Hedonism

Doing things that will make one feel good.

4. The Veil of Ignorance

Take consideration of other people’s feelings before posting something.

5. The Golden Rule

Treat people as what you would like to be treated. The decision is up to the photojournalist.

6. The Golden Mean

Compromise everyone. It is to create a win-win situation or all-or-nothing approach.

(Daniel R. Bersak, 2003)

References:

Answers.com, 2011, Photojournalism, retrieved on 12^th November 2011, http://www.answers.com/topic/photojournalism

Daniel R. Bersak, 2003, Ethics in Photojournalism: Past, Present and Future, retrieved on 12^th November 2011, http://web.mit.edu/drb/Public/PhotoThesis/

The Guardian, 2011, Orthodox Jewish paper apologizes for Hilary Clinton deletion, retrieved on 12^th November 2011, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/10/jewish-paper-apologises-hillary-clinton

Screen Vs. Print Design

Design plays an important role no matter in screen or print. According to Kress and van Leeuwen, the elements that are in the design must be related to each other so that it can be integrated as a whole. The positioning of the image and the organization of texts must be of consistent. Usually the text are positioned from left to right, and top to bottom. There must always be a flow and white space should be provided for read

ers to rest their eyes.

Designs for both the screen and print are different because both caters to different audiences. The design for print is of more words or facts and lesser images. Below is the picture of a print that is of more words or facts and no images at all.

Image source: http://english.glendale.cc.ca.us/NEWSPAPER.jpg

As for screen, the design will have slightly more pictures and are more colorful compared to print. This is because the designer want to attract the attention of the readers to read his or her posts. In screen media, there are more pictures compared to print and the words written are not as formal as print media. Below is an example of a screen design.

Image source: giselejaquenod.com.ar

There are clear differences between print and screen design. The print media uses facts while screen media is more to entertainment purposes. The print media uses 5Ws and 1H and the language used are more formal than screen media. Design elements are important because it work together as a whole.

References:

VanHaitsma 2009, Kress and van Leeuwe, viewed on 23 August 2011, from
http://www.pamelavanhaitsma.com/kress2.html

New Forms of Media Publishing

With the presence of internet, no doubt that there are different online mediums. People are free to voice out their opinions and views. Thoughts are being voice out in many different ways. People do not depend on other people to help them voice out their thoughts. Besides, other individuals can easily reach their thoughts.

Nowadays, Twitter and Facebook plays a big role. People uses these mediums to voice out their opinions and even unsatisfactoriness towards something. People will voice out what are in their minds. Every minute, there are people who update their status and some even informing their communities on what is happening around them.

For example, the Prime Minister uses these mediums to connect with his citizens and allows them to voice out their opinions and thoughts. Besides Twitter and Facebook, YouTube also allows people to voice out their opinions through videos and songs. YouTube was nominated as the 5^th most popular destination for individuals to voice out their opinions and thoughts. People around the world can easily reach YouTube.

References:

Leennaquiah, 2010, New Forms of Media Publishing, viewed on 22nd August, 2011,http://leennaquiah.wordpress.com/2010/10/03/new-forms-of-media-publishing/

Ariani. G, 2008, New Forms of Media Publishing, viewed on 22nd August,

http://geeta-ariani.blogspot.com/2008/05/new-forms-of-media-publishing_02.html

Naughton, John, 2006, Blogging and the imerging media ecosystem, viewed on 22nd August 2011,

http://reuteursinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/about/discussion/blogging.html